Having found the constellation Ursa Major in the night sky, or by paying attention to the pattern of snow melting, an experienced traveler can easily determine the sides of the horizon. However, it is better for a novice tourist to abandon “amateur activities” and, postponing alternative methods of orienteering until better times, control the route using a compass.
It happens that, after glancing at the types of compasses presented, a beginner becomes confused and cannot choose the device for its intended purpose. But it’s stupid to acquire a gyroscopic device when going on a “quiet” hunt in a nearby forest or a one-day hike. In order not to regret a rash purchase, you need to study existing models and only then go shopping.
How to choose a compass
You can avoid trouble by having with you an ordinary compass, which acts as a guide and accurately determines north and south. However, this does not mean at all that the same device is suitable for wandering along forest paths and for a multi-day expedition. But more on that later. First, check out the criteria for the right compass:
- Durable, or better yet, shock-resistant housing made of metal or plastic.
- Protected from moisture.
- A principle accessible to everyone for determining the directions of the sides of the horizon: North, South, East, West.
- Dial with clearly visible divisions.
- The presence of large letters indicating directions.
- Compact and mobile.
- The electronic model must have a powerful battery. But don't waste time looking for a battery that lasts forever. As a rule, a fully charged battery runs out within three days.
What types of compasses are there?
Many modern devices operate on the principle of the oldest model, invented at the turn of the 12th – 13th centuries. Every year the compass is improved with structural changes. As a result, many devices appeared with one or another bias (geographical, children's, military, sports, etc.).
For a long time, magnetic or electronic types of compasses have remained undisputed favorites.
Which company's compass is better to choose?
The compass is considered the oldest navigation device. Technically, the modern model does not have any supernatural elements. There are not many manufacturers of reliable and high-quality devices. To choose the best good compass for a tourist, it is recommended to consider the following companies:
- Silva;
- Suunto;
- Brunton International;
- Sonar Inc.
Compasses from these manufacturers can do a lot. They take on most of the work themselves. A person planning a hike in the forest can only read the instructions and learn how to work with a compass correctly. The listed manufacturers offer popular, high-quality and good models.
Magnetic
A magnetic compass is simple and easy to use. The advantage of magnetic models is independence. Simply put, their functionality is independent of the battery charge level. By interacting directly with the earth's magnetic field, the built-in magnetic elements are activated.
In a good compass, the capsule with the dial located inside is filled with a special solution that is resistant to temperature fluctuations. An air bubble in the liquid serves as an indicator of the orientation level. You should remember the factors that affect the accuracy of readings from a magnetic device:
- the presence of metal objects and structures;
- magnetic storms;
- an area with a high content of metal ore.
In order not to find yourself far from civilization with a demagnetized device, you need to conduct “reconnaissance.” Make sure that there are no metallic “obstacles” along the route. It is also important to take into account the phase of sun activity at the time of orientation. Now let's look at the main types of magnetic compasses.
Mechanical
The model is in particular demand among tourists. A magnetized metal needle with a red tip placed on a needle “looks” in the direction of the strongest magnetic field – north.
Using a mechanical device and a topographic map, you can determine the location of landmarks as accurately as possible.
For the military
It differs from the mechanical one by the presence of a magnifying lens, a ruler and a sighting device (front and rear sights), designed for better viewing of landmarks.
Tactical models are designed for precise orientation in field conditions. Main characteristics: metal body, high precision.
Geological
It is called mountain and is used to determine the azimuth of a route or the azimuth of a landmark. A specific device in which the dial is calibrated counterclockwise. The compass is equipped with a clinometer and a half-limb, allowing you to determine the angles of incidence of rock layers.
Gyroscopic
A device with a gyroscope at the base is used in aviation and navigation. Perhaps this is the most accurate compass, showing the geographic rather than the magnetic pole.
Gyroscope
The indicators of the gyroscopic device do not go astray even during swinging. Magnetic types of ship compasses are in demand no less than ARC in aviation.
Astronomical
Helps determine cardinal directions using stars or the moon. Even the accuracy of the readings does not put the compass in the selling group. This is due to the uselessness of the astronomical compass during the daytime.
For orienteering
The athlete must master the magnetic compass and learn to “read” a topographic map. Choosing a compass for orienteering is a painstaking process. Ideally, the device should meet the following requirements:
- the magnetic needle is installed in the shortest possible time;
- during jumping, running, cycling, the arrow “sits” like a glove;
- the device fits in your hand and does not slip out;
- compactness and light weight.
The best sports compasses
When compiling the second review, the experts considered only orienteering compasses. Here, modifications with better speed of needle stabilization, increased strength, and versatility of purpose are recognized as top ones. Vyborexperta.ru approved 2 nominees.
Suunto Clipper
A miniature liquid model made in Finland, designed for orienteering during sports activities. It is characterized by increased strength and resistance to dirt, and works even when immersed in water.
The scale division value is 10. The device weighs only 5 g, dimensions 24x30x11 mm. The dial is black with white markings, the cardinal directions are painted with fluorescent paint. Instead of an arrow, there is a card here; its smooth movement is ensured by a sapphire built into the bearing.
On the reverse side there is a clip for attaching the device to a watch strap or to items of equipment. The device is calibrated to work in the Northern Hemisphere and can withstand temperatures from -30° to +60°.
Advantages:
- Waterproof housing;
- Possibility of use in the dark;
- Universal mount;
- Clear markings;
- Smooth ride;
- Minimum error.
Flaws:
- Size too small.
The accessory is highly durable and can be used in any conditions. However, according to the owners, the device copes better with simple navigation and can serve as a backup navigator.
Cromatek 57149b003
Liquid compass for lovers of hunting, traveling and orienteering. The design allows it to be worn on the wrist like a watch. Quickly determines the desired direction, adjusts the route, and is not suitable for calculating distances.
The dial width is 30 mm, the device weighs only 30 g. The price of one division is 4. The body is made of black plastic. The divisions are marked in white, so the symbols and arrow are clearly visible due to the contrast. The principle of operation of a compass is a magnetic field.
An adjustable strap will help secure the accessory firmly to your hand. This option is convenient, it saves space in the tourist’s pockets. Using the device does not require special knowledge.
Advantages:
- Wrist design;
- Accurate direction determination;
- Contrasting dial;
- Sporty design;
- A light weight;
- Inexpensive.
Flaws:
- No backlight for use in the dark.
Electronic compasses
Modern compasses, operating on the basis of magnetized sensors, are distinguished by high accuracy and a variety of functions. In addition to accurately determining coordinates (using satellite systems), it can “remember” data on the length of the route and the path it takes.
It is especially convenient to save the selected point on the terrain where, say, a camp is set up, and continue on your way. Both outdoor enthusiasts and professionals: military personnel, representatives of law enforcement agencies remain permanent consumers of electronic compasses.
Attention! When choosing an electronic device, you should keep in mind that the battery is discharged within 3 days. Therefore, when going on a long walking expedition, it is better to acquire a magnetic compass.
Now let's look at the main types of electronic compasses.
Radio compass (ARC)
An automatic on-board radio direction finder, used for navigation of aircraft during flight. Indicates the direction of an object emitting radio waves. Having tuned to the carrier frequency, the device automatically displays the necessary data. Regardless of weather conditions and time of day, it copes with the following tasks:
- ensures the correct course to follow;
- determines where the radio station is located;
- performs the functions of a backup radio receiver.
Travel electronic compass
The best hiking option, showing accurate time and performing a lot of additional tasks. But only for a short tourist walk. It does not have a magnetized needle, which makes it different from its magnetic “colleague”. Determines the sides of the horizon using electronic circuits.
GPS and Glonass
Satellites transmit signals that are picked up by an electronic system. Navigators recognize information and accurately determine the required coordinates.
Unlike magnetic ones, they can estimate real coordinates in conditions of poor visibility and without noticeable landmarks. When avoiding an obstacle with GPS device, you just need to adjust it along the changed route line and the desired direction will be set.
Can a GPS receiver replace a compass?
GPS receiver has high navigation characteristics and often has a built-in electronic device. However, despite all its functionality, the navigator becomes useless if the battery is dead.
The conclusion suggests itself: when going on an expedition or hike, it is better to take a trouble-free magnetic compass with you. But you can also grab a set of backup batteries. However, during a long walking expedition, this measure will not solve the problem.
The best geological compass
The last subsection of Vyborexperta.ru presents a unique tool for a geologist, which is more complex in configuration and functionality than a tourist or sports tool. Only one model with a high level of accuracy, response speed, and resistance to weather conditions is recognized as the leader.
RGK DQL-8
A universal mining and geological tool for work in the field. Designed for approximate identification of objects, sighting, plotting routes, determining the angle of inclination and slope of the earth without the help of formulas.
The size of the device is 8x7x3.5 cm, weight is 240 grams. Thanks to the shock-absorber arrow, arrow vibrations are reduced, so the error is only 0.5°. The needle settles down time is only 15 seconds. The minimum dial division is 1°. To improve accuracy, a cylindrical level is provided here.
The lockable case is made of high-strength aluminum and can be worn around the neck. The set includes a leather case for storage and transportation. Additionally, a sight visor, viewing mirror, and bubble level are provided.
Advantages:
- Determination of the angle of inclination;
- Minimum error;
- Durability of the working mechanism;
- High quality manufacturing;
- Compact dimensions;
- Case included.
Flaws:
- Price;
- No tripod mount.
The accessory is mainly used to determine the exposure of underlying rock layers to the surface. It gets the job done quickly and accurately. Compact size ensures convenient carrying and storage.
Electromagnetic
A device with straps for wearing on the hand is difficult to classify as a frequently purchased device. The device is made as a magnetic device, but with one significant difference: the measurement of the position of the arrow is carried out by electronic components. Then, the converted data appears on the screen.
The electromagnetic model is good for mushroom picking, fishing or hunting. It is enough to put the device on your hand and monitor the screen indicators.
Attention! Since the functionality of the device depends on the battery charge, it is not suitable for long hikes.
Types of mounts for compasses
The choice of fasteners for a compass depends entirely on the preferences of the owner and the intended use of the device.
